Florida Saltwater Catfish: Catching, Cooking, and Debunking the Trash Fish Myth

If you’ve ever tossed a line into Florida’s coastal waters, you’ve probably encountered a saltwater catfish or two. Known for stealing bait and showing up uninvited, these so-called “trash fish” have a reputation that’s… well, complicated. But are saltwater catfish really as much of a hassle as many anglers claim? Or is there more to these feisty fish than meets the eye?

Saltwater catfish, especially the hardhead and gafftopsail (or sail) catfish, may not top every angler's list, but they have their own set of surprises. With their bony plates, slimy coats, and those infamous three spines, saltwater cats may seem intimidating. However, catching them offers its own thrill, and when prepared right, you might just be pleasantly surprised by the flavor.

Before dismissing these spiky swimmers, let’s dive in and talk about what makes saltwater catfish, especially the hardhead and sailcat catfish worth your attention. Who knows? You may even come away inspired to eat saltwater catfish for yourself!

What Are Florida’s Saltwater Catfish?

When it comes to Florida catfish, there are two main species that rule the coastal waters: the hardhead catfish and the gafftop catfish, also known as the sail catfish. These saltwater cats are common sights from the Gulf Coast to the Atlantic, especially in warmer months when they gather in the shallows and brackish waters. Both species are part of the family of marine catfishes that live in saltwater and are unique in their own right.

The Hardhead Catfish

The hardhead catfish, scientifically known as Ariopsis felis, is named for the bony plate that runs from its eyes to the start of its dorsal fin. Unlike freshwater catfish, hardheads usually max out at around 12 pounds, but most Florida catfish you’ll catch are closer to 2-3 pounds. These fish thrive in the Gulf’s shallow water during summer and head to deeper waters in winter. Known as bottom feeders, hardheads are true scavengers, eating just about anything they can find.

The Gafftopsail (Sail) Catfish

The gafftop catfish stands out thanks to its long, sail-like dorsal fin, which gives it the nickname "sail cat." This gafftopsail catfish often hangs out in shallow water, close to piers, docks, and other structures. Sail cats are smaller than their hardhead cousins, with most weighing around 1-3 pounds. Unlike hardheads, gafftops can be found venturing into brackish bays and even river mouths, seeking protection and food.

Both of these saltwater catfish species are infamous among anglers for their tendency to “steal” bait. But while many anglers prefer to target more glamorous species like redfish, snook, or trout, saltwater catfish offer their own rewards, especially if you’re willing to give them a chance.

Why Saltwater Catfish Have a Bad Rap

It’s no secret among anglers that saltwater catfish can be a bit… tricky. In fact, ask around, and you’ll likely hear a mix of frustration and a few salty stories. So, why the reputation? Here are a few reasons these bottom feeders have a bit of a “bad boy” image:

• Bait Bandits: Saltwater catfish, especially the hardhead and sailcat catfish, have a reputation for stealing bait. Many anglers, hoping to reel in redfish, trout, or even spotted flounder, find their hooks snatched by these so-called pest fish. And these cats have no shame, they’ll go for anything from live bait to cut bait with ease.
• Slimy and Spiny: Handling these fish can be a challenge, thanks to their extra-thick slime coats and spiky fins. Both hardhead catfish and gafftopsail catfish come equipped with three spines, one on the dorsal fin and two on the pectoral fins that can deliver a sting if you’re not careful. The toxin on these spines can cause a nasty reaction, making it easy to get stung if you’re handling them without caution.
• Difficult to Clean: Many anglers are surprised at how much effort it takes to clean a saltwater catfish. Their skin is thick and slimy, and getting a good filet can be a bit of a workout, especially for first-timers. For these reasons, a lot of folks just toss them back in the water rather than bother with the hassle.

But while most anglers might roll their eyes at the sight of a saltwater catfish on the line, there’s more to these fish than meets the eye. They may be a little rough around the edges, but they offer a specific catch and a fun fight on light tackle. Plus, they’re a reminder that sometimes, the fish caught when you’re not looking can bring unexpected excitement to a day on the water.

Can You Eat Saltwater Catfish?

Absolutely! While saltwater catfish might not be the first fish that comes to mind for dinner, they’re actually quite tasty if prepared right. Many anglers are pleasantly surprised to find that saltwater catfish, despite their slimy reputation, can be just as enjoyable as freshwater catfish on the plate.

What to Expect in Taste and Texture: Saltwater catfish have a mild, flaky white meat that’s similar in flavor and texture to freshwater catfish. Once cooked, their filets are firm, offering that classic “catfish” flavor without being too gamey. They may be smaller and bonier than other species, but with the right technique, you can get a delicious, satisfying meal.

Cleaning and Prepping Tips: Saltwater catfish, especially hardheads, have a thick slime coat that protects them in saltwater but also makes them a bit challenging to handle. Here are a few tips for prepping them without the hassle:

1. Bleed the Fish: Start by bleeding the fish right after you catch it. Cut the gills and let it bleed out in an ice chest with water. This helps reduce slime and results in a cleaner filet.
2. Handle with Care: Both the dorsal and pectoral fins have spines that can sting, so use a towel or gloves when handling them to avoid getting poked.
3. Filet with Precision: Saltwater catfish have angled rib bones, so when fileting, cut along the spine and then down along the ribs. This technique helps you maximize the meat while avoiding extra bones.

For those up for an adventure, cooking saltwater catfish can be a rewarding experience. A simple preparation - grilling or frying with a bit of seasoning brings out the best flavors. So next time you catch saltwater catfish, consider bringing it home for a taste test. You might just discover your new favorite saltwater fish dish!

Tips for Catching Saltwater Catfish Without Losing Bait

Ready to take on saltwater catfish without losing your bait (or your patience)? Catching these fish can be simple and even enjoyable with the right approach. Here are some top saltwater cat fishing tips to help you reel them in without the frustration.

Best Bait for Saltwater Catfish: Saltwater catfish are known for their keen sense of smell, which makes them easy to target with oily cut bait. Fish with high oil content, like mullet or sardines, work wonders for attracting these bottom feeders. Since these marine catfishes hunt by scent, anything with a strong smell, especially cut or prepared baits, will get their attention. And once they bite, they rarely let go!

Techniques for Reeling Them In:

• Chumming the Waters: Chumming can help draw saltwater catfish to one area, allowing you to focus your efforts. Drop a small amount of cut bait or fish scraps to attract them into a “feeding zone.”
• Fishing Near Structures: Hardhead and sail catfish often hang around piers, docks, and rock piles, especially in shallow water during warmer months. Positioning your line near these structures increases your chances of a bite.
• Bottom Fishing: Since saltwater cats are bottom feeders, try casting your bait and letting it sink to the bottom. These fish often stick to the lower water column, especially in brackish bays or river mouths.

Handling Tips to Safely Catch Catfish: Saltwater catfish have three spines, one on the dorsal fin and two on the pectoral fins that contain a mild toxin. Here’s how to avoid getting stung easily:

1. Use a Net: When you get one close to the boat or shore, scoop it up with a net. This helps control the fish’s movement and reduces the risk of being “stung.”
2. Hold Carefully: If you need to handle it, grab the fish behind the pectoral fins and avoid the spines. You can use a towel or gloves to protect your hands.
3. Place Directly in a Cooler: If you plan to keep it, drop the fish right into a cooler after you unhook it to prevent extra flopping around.

With these simple tricks, catching saltwater catfish can be both fun and safe, making for a memorable addition to any fishing day on Florida’s coastal waters.

Why Saltwater Catfish Are Worth Catching and Cooking

Saltwater catfish may not always steal the show, but they’re perfect for adding some fun and excitement to your day on the water. Whether you’re in it for the thrill of reeling them in or curious to try them for dinner, these feisty fighters are sure to surprise you!

Ready to experience it firsthand? Join Captain Pablo Koch-Schick and the Reel Coquina Fishing team in St. Petersburg, FL, for an unforgettable fishing adventure. With a lifetime of fishing experience from South Africa to Florida’s Gulf Coast, Captain Pablo’s “no corners cut” approach and passion for fishing promise you a top-notch experience. Also fluent in German, and Spanish, he’s here to guide you on an adventure that’s as informative as it is exciting.

Call us today at 404-438-8732 or email Pablokochschick@gmail.com to book your next big adventure with Reel Coquina Fishing!

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the most common saltwater catfish found in Florida?

In Florida, the most common saltwater catfish species are the hardhead catfish and the gafftop, also known as the sail catfish. These ocean catfish are frequently found along Florida’s Gulf Coast, especially in warmer months.

Are saltwater catfish good to eat?

Yes! Although they’re often overlooked, saltwater catfish are a surprisingly tasty catch when prepared correctly. While they may not be everyone’s “best fish” pick, they offer a mild, flaky flavor similar to freshwater catfish.

What other fish might I catch while targeting saltwater catfish?

While fishing for saltwater catfish, you might also encounter spotted trout, redfish, and flounder, especially in coastal waters where many fish species tend to congregate.

Why do anglers sometimes prefer other fish over saltwater catfish?

Anglers may prefer other fish because saltwater catfish are known bait-stealers and have a slimy, spiny exterior that makes them challenging to handle. However, they’re feisty fighters and can be quite rewarding to catch with the right gear and mindset.

Why are saltwater catfish sometimes called “trash fish”?

Saltwater catfish have earned the nickname "trash fish" due to their tendency to steal bait and their slimy, spiny nature. However, they’re far from worthless and can make for an enjoyable catch if you give them a try.